Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting
Foundation models (FMs) for the Earth system learn statistical relationships between physical variables across massive datasets to enable versatile downstream applications through finetuning, separating them from task-specific weather models. Here, we introduce Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM), a fully open model building on the 3D Swin UNet backbone of the pioneering Aurora model. ESFM introduces extensions that increase functionality and foster adoption in climate sciences. First, the encoding scheme and training protocols have been extended to handle diverse datasets, including those containing missing values across all spatio-temporal dimensions such as satellite data, as well as ...
| Authors | Firat Ozdemir, Yun Cheng, Salman Mohebi et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | physics.ao-ph |
| Published | 20 April 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 20 April 2026 |
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