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Paper · arXiv

Leading Across the Spectrum of Human-AI Relationships: A Conceptual Framework for Increasingly Heterogeneous Teams

What shapes a consequential decision when human and artificial intelligence work on it together? The answer is becoming harder to see. A decision may look human-led after AI has set the frame, or appear automated while human judgment still carries decisive force. This paper offers a leadership-facing spectrum to see those relationships within a bounded mandate: Pure Human, Centaur (human-dominant, with AI in the loop), Co-equal, Minotaur (AI-dominant, with humans in the loop), and Pure AI. The spectrum asks where leadership work occurs: who frames the problem, who redirects the work, and who can answer for what follows. The five positions are landmarks that help leaders recognize configur...

AuthorsAlejandro R. Jadad
Primary categorycs.AI
Published30 April 2026
Last updated at source30 April 2026
cs.AIcs.CLcs.CYcs.HC
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