Cross-Lingual Jailbreak Detection via Semantic Codebooks
Safety mechanisms for large language models (LLMs) remain predominantly English-centric, creating systematic vulnerabilities in multilingual deployment. Prior work shows that translating malicious prompts into other languages can substantially increase jailbreak success rates, exposing a structural cross-lingual security gap. We investigate whether such attacks can be mitigated through language-agnostic semantic similarity without retraining or language-specific adaptation. Our approach compares multilingual query embeddings against a fixed English codebook of jailbreak prompts, operating as a training-free external guardrail for black-box LLMs. We conduct a systematic evaluation across f...
| Authors | Shirin Alanova, Bogdan Minko, Sabrina Sadiekh et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CL |
| Published | 28 April 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 28 April 2026 |
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