Complete Cyclic Subtask Graphs for Tool-Using LLM Agents: Flexibility, Cost, and Bottlenecks in Long-Horizon Workflows
Long-horizon tool-using tasks sometimes benefit from revisiting earlier subtasks, but explicit revisitation also adds routing, coordination, and token cost. We study complete cyclic subtask graphs for large language model (LLM) agents: a workflow controller in which executable subtasks are fully connected and a unified state-analysis-and-routing agent selects transitions from natural-language criteria. We evaluate task-specific (Spec-Cyc) and benchmark-generic (Gen-Cyc) cyclic graphs on TextCraft, ALFWorld, and Finance-Agent against ReAct and dependency-directed workflows. Our main dependency-directed controller is DepDAG, which permits same-subtask retry while preserving forward dependen...
| Authors | Luay Gharzeddine, Samer Saab |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.MA |
| Published | 17 April 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 21 August 2026 |
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