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An effective variant of the Hartigan $k$-means algorithm

The k-means problem is perhaps the classical clustering problem and often synonymous with Lloyd's algorithm (1957). It has become clear that Hartigan's algorithm (1975) gives better results in almost all cases, Telgarsky-Vattani note a typical improvement of $5\%$ -- $10\%$. We point out that a very minor variation of Hartigan's method leads to another $2\%$ -- $5\%$ improvement; the improvement tends to become larger when either dimension or $k$ increase.

AuthorsFrançois Clément, Stefan Steinerberger
Primary categorycs.LG
Published23 April 2026
Last updated at source23 April 2026
cs.LG
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