Scaling In-Context Segmentation with Hierarchical Supervision

In-context learning (ICL) enables medical image segmentation models to adapt to new anatomical structures from limited examples, reducing the clinical annotation burden. However, standard ICL methods typically rely on dense, global cross-attention, which scales poorly with image resolution. While recent approaches have introduced localized attention mechanisms, they often lack explicit supervision on the selection process, leading to redundant computation in non-informative regions. We propose PatchICL, a hierarchical framework that combines selective image patching with multi-level supervision. Our approach learns to actively identify and attend only to the most informative anatomical re...

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