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Paper · arXiv

Learning to Adapt: In-Context Learning Beyond Stationarity

Transformer models have become foundational across a wide range of scientific and engineering domains due to their strong empirical performance. A key capability underlying their success is in-context learning (ICL): when presented with a short prompt from an unseen task, transformers can perform per-token and next-token predictions without any parameter updates. Recent theoretical efforts have begun to uncover the mechanisms behind this phenomenon, particularly in supervised regression settings. However, these analyses predominantly assume stationary task distributions, which overlook a broad class of real-world scenarios where the target function varies over time. In this work, we bridg...

AuthorsZhen Qin, Jiachen Jiang, Zhihui Zhu
Primary categorycs.LG
Published13 April 2026
Last updated at source13 April 2026
cs.LGmath.OC
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