EMA Is Not All You Need: Mapping the Boundary Between Structure and Content in Recurrent Context
What exactly do efficient sequence models gain over simple temporal averaging? We use exponential moving average (EMA) traces, the simplest recurrent context (no gating, no content-based retrieval), as a controlled probe to map the boundary between what fixed-coefficient accumulation can and cannot represent. EMA traces encode temporal structure: a Hebbian architecture with multi-timescale traces achieves 96% of a supervised BiGRU on grammatical role assignment with zero labels, surpassing the supervised model on structure-dependent roles. EMA traces destroy token identity: a 130M-parameter language model using only EMA context reaches C4 perplexity 260 (8x GPT-2), and a predictor ablatio...
| Authors | Arth Singh |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CL |
| Published | 17 March 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 17 March 2026 |
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