Are GUI Agents Focused Enough? Automated Distraction via Semantic-level UI Element Injection
Existing red-teaming studies on GUI agents face two fundamental limitations: adversarial perturbations require white-box access unavailable in commercial deployments, while prompt injection is increasingly neutralized by stronger safety alignment. To study robustness under a more practical threat model, we propose Semantic-level UI Element Injection, a black-box red-teaming paradigm that overlays safety-aligned and harmless UI elements onto screenshots to misdirect the agent's visual grounding. Our method couples a modular Editor--Overlapper--Victim pipeline with iterative search that samples multiple candidate edits, keeps the best cumulative overlay, and adapts future prompt strategies ...
| Authors | Wenkui Yang, Chao Jin, Haisu Zhu et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CR |
| Published | 9 April 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 8 July 2026 |
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