A Formal Security Framework for MCP-Based AI Agents: Threat Taxonomy, Verification Models, and Defense Mechanisms
The Model Context Protocol (MCP), introduced by Anthropic in November 2024 and now governed by the Linux Foundation's Agentic AI Foundation, has rapidly become the de facto standard for connecting large language model (LLM)-based agents to external tools and data sources, with over 97 million monthly SDK downloads and more than 177000 registered tools. However, this explosive adoption has exposed a critical gap: the absence of a unified, formal security framework capable of systematically characterizing, analyzing, and mitigating the diverse threats facing MCP-based agent ecosystems. Existing security research remains fragmented across individual attack papers, isolated benchmarks, and po...
| Authors | Nirajan Acharya, Gaurav Kumar Gupta |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CR |
| Published | 7 April 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 7 April 2026 |
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