From Incomplete Architecture to Quantified Risk: Multimodal LLM-Driven Security Assessment for Cyber-Physical Systems
Cyber-physical systems often contend with incomplete architectural documentation or outdated information resulting from legacy technologies, knowledge management gaps, and the complexity of integrating diverse subsystems over extended operational lifecycles. This architectural incompleteness impedes reliable security assessment, as inaccurate or missing architectural knowledge limits the identification of system dependencies, attack surfaces, and risk propagation pathways. To address this foundational challenge, this paper introduces ASTRAL (Architecture-Centric Security Threat Risk Assessment using LLMs), an architecture-centric security assessment technique implemented in a prototype to...
| Authors | Shaofei Huang, Christopher M. Poskitt, Lwin Khin Shar |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CR |
| Published | 7 April 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 7 April 2026 |
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