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Paper · arXiv

Hierarchical, Interpretable, Label-Free Concept Bottleneck Model

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) introduce interpretability to black-box deep learning models by predicting labels through human-understandable concepts. However, unlike humans, who identify objects at different levels of abstraction using both general and specific features, existing CBMs operate at a single semantic level in both concept and label space. We propose HIL-CBM, a Hierarchical Interpretable Label-Free Concept Bottleneck Model that extends CBMs into a hierarchical framework to enhance interpretability by more closely mirroring the human cognitive process. HIL-CBM enables classification and explanation across multiple semantic levels without requiring relational concept annotat...

AuthorsHaodong Xie, Yujun Cai, Rahul Singh Maharjan et al.
Primary categorycs.CV
Published2 April 2026
Last updated at source2 April 2026
cs.CVcs.AI
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