GaelEval: Benchmarking LLM Performance for Scottish Gaelic
Multilingual large language models (LLMs) often exhibit emergent 'shadow' capabilities in languages without official support, yet their performance on these languages remains uneven and under-measured. This is particularly acute for morphosyntactically rich minority languages such as Scottish Gaelic, where translation benchmarks fail to capture structural competence. We introduce GaelEval, the first multi-dimensional benchmark for Gaelic, comprising: (i) an expert-authored morphosyntactic MCQA task; (ii) a culturally grounded translation benchmark and (iii) a large-scale cultural knowledge Q&A task. Evaluating 19 LLMs against a fluent-speaker human baseline ($n=30$), we find that Gemini 3...
| Authors | Peter Devine, William Lamb, Beatrice Alex et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CL |
| Published | 2 April 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 2 April 2026 |
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