SACRED: A Faithful Annotated Multimedia Multimodal Multilingual Dataset for Classifying Connectedness Types in Online Spirituality
In religion and theology studies, spirituality has garnered significant research attention for the reason that it not only transcends culture but offers unique experience to each individual. However, social scientists often rely on limited datasets, which are basically unavailable online. In this study, we collaborated with social scientists to develop a high-quality multimedia multi-modal datasets, \textbf{SACRED}, in which the faithfulness of classification is guaranteed. Using \textbf{SACRED}, we evaluated the performance of 13 popular LLMs as well as traditional rule-based and fine-tuned approaches. The result suggests DeepSeek-V3 model performs well in classifying such abstract conce...
| Authors | Qinghao Guan, Yuchen Pan, Donghao Li et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CL |
| Published | 28 March 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 28 March 2026 |
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