Perturbation: A simple and efficient adversarial tracer for representation learning in language models
Linguistic representation learning in deep neural language models (LMs) has been studied for decades, but finding representations in LMs remains an unsolved problem. On the one hand, unconstrained alignments may trivialize the notion of representation (Sutter et al., 2025); on the other, even recently popularized linear approaches may not always be faithful to natural model behavior (Arora et al. 2024). Here we escape this dilemma by reconceptualizing representations not as patterns of activation but as conduits for learning. Our approach is simple: we perturb an LM by fine-tuning it on a single adversarial example and measure how this perturbation "infects" other examples. Perturbation m...
| Authors | Joshua Rozner, Cory Shain |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CL |
| Published | 25 March 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 10 September 2026 |
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