Off-Policy Value-Based Reinforcement Learning for Large Language Models
Improving data utilization efficiency is critical for scaling reinforcement learning (RL) for long-horizon tasks where generating trajectories is expensive. However, the dominant RL methods for LLMs are largely on-policy: they update each batch of data only once, discard it, and then collect fresh samples, resulting in poor sample efficiency. In this work, we explore an alternative value-based RL framework for LLMs that naturally enables off-policy learning. We propose ReVal, a Bellman-update-based method that combines stepwise signals capturing internal consistency with trajectory-level signals derived from outcome verification. ReVal naturally supports replay-buffer-based training, allo...
| Authors | Peng-Yuan Wang, Ziniu Li, Tian Xu et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.LG |
| Published | 24 March 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 24 March 2026 |
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