Hetero-Net: An Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation and 3D Placement in Heterogeneous LoRa Networks via Multi-Agent Optimization
The evolution of Internet of Things (IoT) into multi-layered environments has positioned Low-Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs), particularly Long Range (LoRa), as the backbone for connectivity across both surface and subterranean landscapes. However, existing LoRa-based network designs often treat ground-based wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs) as separate systems, resulting in inefficient and non-integrated connectivity across diverse environments. To address this, we propose Hetero-Net, a unified heterogeneous LoRa framework that integrates diverse LoRa end devices with multiple unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-mounted LoRa gateways. Our object...
| Authors | Abdullahi Isa Ahmed, Ana Maria Drăgulinescu, El Mehdi Amhoud |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.NI |
| Published | 20 March 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 20 March 2026 |
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