TRACE: Structure-Aware Character Encoding for Robust and Generalizable Document Watermarking
We propose TRACE, a structure-aware framework leveraging diffusion models for localized character encoding to embed data. Unlike existing methods that rely on edge features or pre-defined codebooks, TRACE exploits character structures that provide inherent resistance to noise interference due to their stability and unified representation across diverse characters. Our framework comprises three key components: (1) adaptive diffusion initialization that automatically identifies handle points, target points, and editing regions through specialized algorithms including movement probability estimator (MPE), target point estimation (TPE) and mask drawing model (MDM), (2) guided diffusion encodi...
| Authors | Jiale Meng, Jie Zhang, Runyi Hu et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CV |
| Published | 13 March 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 13 March 2026 |
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