Mask-Guided Attention Regulation for Anatomically Consistent Counterfactual CXR Synthesis
Counterfactual generation for chest X-rays (CXR) aims to simulate plausible pathological changes while preserving patient-specific anatomy. However, diffusion-based editing methods often suffer from structural drift, where stable anatomical semantics propagate globally through attention and distort non-target regions, and unstable pathology expression, since subtle and localized lesions induce weak and noisy conditioning signals. We present an inference-time attention regulation framework for reliable counterfactual CXR synthesis. An anatomy-aware attention regularization module gates self-attention and anatomy-token cross-attention with organ masks, confining structural interactions to a...
| Authors | Zichun Zhang, Weizhi Nie, Honglin Guo et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CV |
| Published | 4 March 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 4 March 2026 |
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