Variance reduction in lattice QCD observables via normalizing flows
Normalizing flows can be used to construct unbiased, reduced-variance estimators for lattice field theory observables that are defined by a derivative with respect to action parameters. This work implements the approach for observables involving gluonic operator insertions in the SU(3) Yang-Mills theory and two-flavor Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) in four space-time dimensions. Variance reduction by factors of $10$-$60$ is achieved in glueball correlation functions and in gluonic matrix elements related to hadron structure, with demonstrated computational advantages. The observed variance reduction is found to be approximately independent of the lattice volume, so that volume transfer can ...
| Authors | Ryan Abbott, Denis Boyda, Yang Fu et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | hep-lat |
| Published | 3 March 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 9 August 2026 |
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