Phishing the Phishers with SpecularNet: Hierarchical Graph Autoencoding for Reference-Free Web Phishing Detection
Phishing remains the most pervasive threat to the Web, enabling large-scale credential theft and financial fraud through deceptive webpages. While recent reference-based and generative-AI-driven phishing detectors achieve strong accuracy, their reliance on external knowledge bases, cloud services, and complex multimodal pipelines fundamentally limits practicality, scalability, and reproducibility. In contrast, conventional deep learning approaches often fail to generalize to evolving phishing campaigns. We introduce SpecularNet, a novel lightweight framework for reference-free web phishing detection that demonstrates how carefully designed compact architectures can rival heavyweight syste...
| Authors | Tailai Song, Pedro Casas, Michela Meo |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CR |
| Published | 2 March 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 2 March 2026 |
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