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Paper · arXiv

IRPAPERS: A Visual Document Benchmark for Scientific Retrieval and Question Answering

AI systems have achieved remarkable success in processing text and relational data, yet visual document processing remains relatively underexplored. Whereas traditional systems require OCR transcriptions to convert these visual documents into text and metadata, recent advances in multimodal foundation models offer retrieval and generation directly from document images. This raises a key question: How do image-based systems compare to established text-based methods? We introduce IRPAPERS, a benchmark of 3,230 pages from 166 scientific papers, with both an image and an OCR transcription for each page. Using 180 needle-in-the-haystack questions, we compare image- and text-based retrieval and...

AuthorsConnor Shorten, Augustas Skaburskas, Daniel M. Jones et al.
Primary categorycs.IR
Published5 February 2026
Last updated at source5 February 2026
cs.IRcs.AIcs.CLcs.LG
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